Mi-Co: Models and Algorithms for Cost-efficient Entanglement Distribution in the Quantum Internet

Operating a quantum network incurs high capital and operational expenditures, which are expected to be compensated by the high value of enabled quantum applications. However, existing mechanisms mainly focus on maximizing the entanglement distribution rate and neglect the cost incurred on users. This paper aims to address how to utilize quantum network resources in a cost-efficient manner while sustaining high-quantity entanglement distribution. We first consider how to establish a steady stream of entanglements between remote nodes with the minimum cost. Utilizing a recent flow-based abstraction and a novel graph representation, we design an optimal algorithm for min-cost remote entanglement distribution. Our algorithm provides rigorous tools for supporting high-performance quantum network applications with financial consideration and offers longterm data transmission in remote distances. Extensive simulation results validate the advantageous performance compared to existing solutions and heuristics.