Fuzzy-based Fractional Order Control for Effective Frequency Regulation

The objective of the presented work is to investigate the application of a fuzzy fractional order PID (fuzzy FOPID) controller in a two-area tied hybrid power system. This consists of integrating thermoelectric power plants that have been heated again, together with unpredictable renewable energy sources, inside a single control region. Additionally, there are hydropower plants in another control area. Renewable energy sources encompass wind power, solar thermal energy, and fuel cells. To simulate a realistic situation, the thermal and hydro systems are equipped with a generation rate constraint (GRC) and a governor dead band (GDB). Furthermore, the turbine incorporates boiler dynamics (BD), and both control regions experience a stochastic variation in load. Extensive simulations have shown that the Fuzzy FOPID control structure has superior performance compared to FOPID and PID controllers, as measured by the performance index. Robustness may be demonstrated by doing sensitivity analysis on system parameters, including the speed control parameter, GDB, GRC, and random load perturbation, for substantial changes. Moreover, the system’s performance has been assessed, considering the delay in communication, which significantly degrades the performance. Extensive simulations have shown that the fuzzy-based FOPID controller surpasses other controllers in terms of resilience and accuracy. Therefore, it may be considered a practical solution to the load frequency control problem.