Initial Optimization of Continuous Close-Range Observation Trajectory for Multiple Near-Earth Objects

A multi-target continuous observation trajectory optimization algorithm is proposed for space debris near the Earth in this paper. This proposed method utilizes the bezier shape-based method for rapid optimization of observation trajectories, which not only introduces complex gravitational perturbations of the Earth, but also ensures that the observed target is always within the observation range of the spacecraft radar. Compared with the Gaussian pseudospectral method, the proposed method in this paper can significantly improve trajectory optimization efficiency in such complex optimization environments. By comparing the trajectory optimization results with and without observation angle constraints, it not only proves the importance of observation angle constraints but also better aligns with future practical applications. The proposed method in this paper can be applied not only to single target observation, but also to continuous observation of multiple targets, which is of great significance for future space debris monitoring and maintaining space security.