Multi-Party Blinded Key Encapsulation Mechanism for Underwater Acoustic Communication

Underwater acoustic communication (UAC) is getting more and more attention in ocean exploration. In order to solve the problem of key transmission and secure communication in UAC environment, we propose a quantum computation-resistant multi-party Blinded Key Encapsulation Mechanism (BKEM), coined as Sea-BKEM. In Sea-BKEM, an orthogonal time frequency space (OTFS) based key generation algorithm is proposed to reduce the complexity of key generation by extracting random narrow distributions from the ocean noise in the delay-Doppler (DD) domain using the number theoretic transform (NTT) and symplectic finite Fourier transform (SFFT), and generating the encapsulation and decapsulation keys. On the NTRU lattice, the ciphertext obtained from the signal block computation is compressed, and the ciphertext is blinded using ocean noise factor in OTFS to reduce the ciphertext expansion and communication cost. On this basis, the indistinguishable security and rigidity of the Sea-BKEM scheme are proven in the DD domain of OTFS. Experimental results show that Sea-BKEM outperforms the existing lattice-based schemes in terms of computational cost, communication cost and bit error rate (BER).