Evaluating Edge Detection Algorithms for Robust Image Processing and FPGA Implementation

Edge detection is crucial in image processing and medical imaging. Various operators have been developed, including Sobel, Canny, Robert, and Prewitt. The Sobel edge detection algorithm is widely used to compute pixel intensity gradients in X and Y directions to detect edges. It applies convolutional kernels to estimate gradients, emphasizing areas with significant intensity changes. Sobel is recommended for hardware implementation due to its efficiency and minimal noise reduction. However, Sobel, Prewitt, Robert, and Canny operators may struggle with noisy images but perform well on high-quality ones. Edge detection plays a key role in image analysis. Microsoft Visual Studio and MATLAB are used for FPGA implementation and noise level assessment (SNR).