Evaluation of PMDC, BLDC, and SRM Motors for Electric Vehicles with SoC and Range Analysis

A comparative study is conducted on Permanent Magnet DC Motors (PMDCs), Switched Reluctance Motors (SRMs), and Brushless DC Motors (BLDCs) for EV applications, putting particular emphasis on state of charge (SoC) and driving range. MATLAB-based simulation has been used to study motor performance with lithium-ion batteries as the supplier. PMDCs are characterized by high efficiency and power density but are limited due to dependence on rare-earth materials. SRMs are easily constructed and cheap, but they are noisier and vibrate more. BLDC motors stand in between performance and cost. Simulation results show that PMDCs provide the maximum range per charge, BLDC motors have average performance, and SRMs are most durable with low efficiency. This study presents valuable guidelines for motor selection for EV applications, optimizing powertrain performance based on considerations of SoC and range.