Integrated IoT-based Hazard Detection and Automated Waste Management System for Environmental Safety

Waste management is a critical challenge in urban environments, where inefficient disposal methods contribute to pollution, public health risks, and operational inefficiencies. Traditional waste collection systems lack real-time monitoring, leading to overfilled bins, delayed disposal, and increased environmental hazards. In this research, an IoT-based smart dustbin system is designed to optimize waste management through automated real-time monitoring. The system integrates an ultrasonic sensor to detect waste levels, an IR sensor for user interaction, and a temperature sensor for fire hazard detection. A key novelty of this research is the incorporation of three MQ gas sensors for toxic gas detection, ensuring early identification of hazardous emissions from waste decomposition. The data is transmitted via a Wi-Fi module to a web-based dashboard, displaying waste levels, gas concentrations, timestamps, and geolocation. Additionally, an automated GSM-based SMS notification system alerts municipal authorities when the dustbin is full or detects hazardous gases. While IoT integration enhances urban sanitation and operational efficiency, challenges such as power consumption and network dependency persist. To address these concerns, our system optimizes data transmission intervals and leverages energy-efficient components. This approach enables seamless waste management, reducing manual monitoring efforts while fostering a cleaner and safer urban environment.