Arduino based Multi-Purpose Agricultural Robot Powered by Internet of Things (IoT) Technology

Agriculture is essential for human life, and farmers dedicate significant effort to plowing fields and applying fertilizers. The proposed method benefits farmers by integrating robotics with agriculture, enabling autonomous movement across fields to cultivate, plant seeds in predetermined rows, and irrigate efficiently. The robot operates using clean, renewable energy from solar panels, reducing reliance on conventional power sources and minimizing environmental impact. High-performance DC motors ensure precise and efficient movement, allowing smooth navigation across various terrains. Servo motors facilitate accurate seed planting, while a specialized DC motor pump ensures proper pesticide application to protect crops. For effective grass cutting, a high-torque DC motor enhances the robot’s versatility in multiple agricultural tasks. An Arduino microcontroller serves as the robot’s central processing unit, coordinating interactions among components to ensure real-time task execution. Additionally, an intuitive Android application enhances user-friendliness, allowing operators to remotely control and monitor the robot. The application connects to the robot via the Internet of Things (IoT) technology, ensuring reliable communication between the mobile application and the agricultural robot. The proposed robotic model, named IoTAgriRobot, operates on a solar-powered system and is compared with a traditional Bluetooth-Controlled AgriRobot (BCAR) to evaluate its efficiency. IoT functionality is enabled using the ESP8266 Wi-Fi module. This Solar-Driven Independent Multi-Purpose Agriculture Robot integrates clean energy, advanced motor technology, and an intelligent microcontroller to enhance farming efficiency while reducing environmental impact.