Energy-Efficient MQTT Protocol Based Processing Architecture for Water Monitoring Application

Water quality monitoring (WQM) is indispensable as several industries discharge hazardous chemicals and waste directly into the rivers, contaminating the water resources. Numerous existing systems provide WQM but are not energy-efficient solutions as they transmit huge amounts of data on cloud servers at regular intervals. Additionally, incorporating Deep Neural Network (DNN) models on the cloud for data inferencing results in high-cost consumption. Thus, this study provides a dynamic payload-based energy-efficient solution that integrates a lightweight Message Queuing Telemetry Transport (MQTT) protocol for wireless communication between the WQM sensor node and the cloud server. The proposed system is built on a resource-constrained ATMEGA2560-16AU microcontroller platform that provides real-time data and makes a cost-effective solution. Quectel EC200U-CN module provides a 4G connection for data transmission and consumes maximum current during transmission. Hence, the presented architecture establishes a reliable connection and transmits dynamic payload constructing water quality (WQ) parameters to the cloud server whenever a significant change is noticed via the proposed set of sequences of AT commands. The lower root mean squared error (RSME) and higher R-squared value comparison between the sensor node data at the edge and stored data at the cloud server remarks the efficiency of the proposed architecture with reduced energy consumption. Moreover, the system sends alert notifications on the developed web application for quick remedial actions at alarming conditions.