DSVDCP: A Blockchain-Enhanced Vehicular Fog-Cloud Paradigm for Secure and Efficient Cross-Domain Data Sharing

In the context of rapid advancements in intelligent transportation technology, secure and efficient cross-domain data sharing imposes higher demands on the reliability and real-time responsiveness of transportation systems. However, the current architectures have limitations, such as a lack of data traceability, coarse-grained access control, and high computational complexity, making them inadequate to meet the highly dynamic requirements of vehicular networks. In this article, we propose decentralized secure vehicular data collaboration paradigm (DSVDCP)—a vehicular fog-cloud (VFC) cross-domain data-sharing paradigm to address the above challenges. The DSVDCP combines blockchain with vehicular-fog–cloud cooperative computing to ensure the confidentiality and nondeniability in cross-domain data sharing. Furthermore, to enhance the granularity of data access control, we designed an attribute-based encryption scheme, VFC-CPABE, specifically for DSVDCP. This scheme supports multiple authorization authorities, access policy hiding, attribute revocation, and outsourced encryption and decryption, achieving fine-grained access control for cross-domain data. Based on the q-parallel BDHE assumption and detailed parameter selection analysis, we rigorously prove the IND-CPA security of the VFC-CPABE scheme in the standard model. We realized the prototype of DSVDCP, the experimental results show that, while maintaining comparable user-side decryption overhead to the current optimal schemes, VFC-CPABE reduces encryption computation overhead by more than 50% for the same number of attributes, significantly reducing the computational burden on the user side.