Advancing Operational Efficiency: Airspace Users' Perspective on Trajectory-Based Operations

This work examines the evolution of the Flight Operations Center (FOC) and flight trajectory exchange tools within the framework of Trajectory-Based Operations (TBO), emphasizing the benefits of the ICAO's Flight and Flow Information for a Collaborative Environment (FF-ICE) messaging framework and the use of Electronic Flight Bags (EFBs). It highlights the collaborative generation and management of four-dimensional flight trajectories, which serve as a common reference for decision-making among stakeholders, including Air Navigation Service Providers (ANSPs), airspace users and airport operators. Key enabling technologies such as Performance Based Navigation (PBN), data communications, and System-wide Information Management (SWIM) are discussed, illustrating their roles in facilitating rapid information exchange and trajectory optimization. A live flight case study is presented, successfully demonstrating TBO concepts through international collaboration, and pointing to significant improvements in safety, efficiency, and sustainability. The paper presents key technical results achieved through TBO prototype implementations, including enhanced trajectory accuracy, improved flight path efficiency, and the ability to accommodate real-time adjustments based on evolving conditions. The integration of advanced trajectory optimization engines and automation capabilities within the FOC has led to more effective flight planning and execution, enabling airlines to negotiate trajectory changes dynamically, adapting to changing circumstances and optimizing operations throughout the flight lifecycle. The findings indicate that TBO can significantly enhance operational predictability, flexibility, and strategic planning while reducing uncertainty and improving alignment between strategic and tactical actions. The main conclusions are: that TBO is already possible with most of the currently flying commercial aircraft; the full implementation of TBO is a feasible way of achieving a greener and more efficient aviation industry, with the potential for widespread benefits across the global airspace system; and that continued collaboration among stakeholders is key for further development and fruition of TBO.