Towards Transparent and Privacy-Preserving Urban Airspace Management: A Blockchain-Based Scheme Under the Airspace-Resource-Centric Concept

The rapid development of Urban Air Mobility (UAM) bring new challenges for the efficient, secure, and fair management of low-altitude airspace. However, traditional air traffic control systems struggle to meet the dynamic demands of UAM operations, especially in scenarios involving various types of aerial vehicles with differing operational requirements. This paper proposes a consortium blockchain-based airspace reservation system, utilizing a no-token blockchain architecture and an Airspace-Resource-Centric (ARC) framework, aimed at addressing critical issues such as trust, security, privacy protection, and event traceability. The system is built on Hyperledger Fabric and adopts a three-layer architecture, enabling decentralized coordination, automated governance through smart contracts, and privacy-preserving data sharing. Additionally, the paper evaluates the system's performance under varying load conditions through agent-based modeling (ABM) simulations. The results demonstrate that, under low-to-medium loads, the system maintains stable transaction confirmation latency and throughput. Under high load conditions, while system performance may degrade, the fault recovery capability remains robust, and network latency stays stable. Finally, based on the simulation results, the paper provides deployment recommendations for local implementation of the framework, focusing on hardware resource optimization and queue management strategies to improve load balancing and reduce performance bottlenecks under high-load scenarios.