Realisation of Cooperative Conveyor-AGV Smart Luggage Handling System through AI-Based Object Detection and IoT

This paper presents the design and experimental implementation of an intelligent automated system for enhancing baggage handling performance within smart industries. The main objective is to integrate artificial intelligence (AI), the Internet of Things (IoT), and automated guided vehicles (AGVs) technologies as a step toward digital transformation to boost the efficiency of industrial processes. By leveraging the YOLOv5 object detection model, the system accurately identifies and classifies objects on conveyor belts, enabling precise material handling. The cooperation between ESP32-equipped AGVs and the conveyor facilitates real-time communication and autonomous transportation. An IoT-based Graphical User Interface (GUI) for desktops and mobile devices is developed and validated for system remote operation and monitoring. The research results would contribute to the development of Industry 4.0 by demonstrating the practical application of emerging recent technologies in a combined conveyor-AGV luggage handling system as a case study. Furthermore, the concept can be extended to another industrial process and applications.