Bidirectional Wireless Charging System for Electric Vehicles: A Review of Power Converters and Control Techniques in V2G Application

Electric Vehicles (EVs) play a crucial role in integrating renewable energy into the Smart Grid by functioning as both energy consumers and mobile energy storage systems. This dual role enhances grid flexibility, allowing EVs to support power balance during peak demand and store excess renewable energy during off-peak periods. To fully utilize this potential, EV chargers must support bidirectional power flow, enabling seamless energy exchange between the grid and vehicles. This capability extends to wireless charging systems, which are gaining popularity due to their convenience, safety, and efficiency. This paper comprehensively reviews the control strategies and power converter topologies employed in bidirectional wireless charging systems for Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) applications. The study highlights key considerations: compensation network design, power factor correction, and system efficiency optimization. A detailed analysis of control algorithms managing active and reactive power is conducted using simulation models and experimental setups. The results demonstrate that advanced control strategies optimize power flow and enhance grid stability and reliability. Moreover, the paper discusses the practical challenges of wireless V2G systems, such as grid synchronization, coil misalignment, and communication delays between primary and secondary controllers. The findings underscore the importance of innovative control algorithms and compensation techniques in overcoming these challenges and ensuring efficient energy transfer. The study concludes that the successful implementation of advanced bidirectional wireless charging systems can significantly contribute to a more resilient and sustainable energy future, facilitating the seamless integration of renewable energy into the grid.