Effectiveness of Online Higher Education Programming Education During COVID-19 Under the Lens on the 5E Instructional Model

Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, synchronous and asynchronous distance learning has increased, creating uncertainty about learning quality. Our research investigated the effectiveness of online higher education programming education through the 5E instructional model through an online survey. The results indicated that Python, C++, and Java were the most commonly instructed programming languages, Zoom and Microsoft Teams were the most predominant videoconferencing tools, and lectures were the most frequently conducted academic activities. On average, learners enrolled in three to four programming courses via videoconferencing during COVID-19. Such learning is moderately effective in higher education programming education without significant differences between genders and study levels.