Groundbreaking Application of the Corona-Virus Search Optimizer Algorithm for Resilient Speed Control and Stability Assessment of Direct Current Motors Under Uncertain Conditions

In contemporary industrial systems where precision is paramount, the Direct Current (DC) motor plays a critical role, necessitating a highly efficient method for speed control that ensures both accuracy and responsiveness. Effective motor speed regulation is essential for the flawless execution of mechanical operations. This paper presents an innovative control strategy specifically designed for DC motor velocity regulation. The proposed methodology employs a Fractional Order (FO) controller, utilizing both Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) and Fractional Order PID (FOPID) controllers. These controllers are fine-tuned through the application of the Corona-Virus Search Optimizer (CVSO) algorithm, a novel metaheuristic technique inspired by the propagation dynamics of the coronavirus. This marks the first instance of the robust CVSO algorithm being applied in the domain of DC motor speed control. For performance evaluation, the Integral of Squared Time multiplied by Absolute Error (ISTAE) criterion has been adopted as the objective function. Simulations conducted in the MATLAB/Simulink environment have validated the efficacy of the proposed control approach. The controllers were rigorously tested against step torque profiles, with considerations for parametric uncertainties such as variations in electrical resistance and motor torque constants. The results reveal significant improvements in key performance metrics. Specifically, the FOPID controller outperforms the conventional PID controller with an 83.86% improvement in overshoot, a 40.17% improvement in settling time, and a 0.93% improvement in rise time under certain conditions. These findings demonstrate that the proposed FOPID/CVSO controller offers superior speed regulation and enhanced system stability compared to the traditional PID controller, making it a more effective solution for DC motor speed control.