Designing of a Microstrip Patch Antenna for Lung Tumor Detection

This paper emphasizes the design, analysis and implementation of a patch antenna for the purpose of detecting lung tumors. The antenna design employs Rogers RO4350B (lossy) as the dielectric material, which has a dielectric constant of 3.66 and a dielectric height of 1.5 mm. The proposed antenna operates at 2.4 GHz within the non-ionizing ISM band, capitalizing on the distinct electrical properties of healthy and cancerous lung tissue. With an S-parameter of -42.38 dB, a maximal directivity of 7.158 dBi, a radiation efficiency of 76.34%, and a VSWR of 1.0165, the designed antenna operated at 2.4 GHz in free space. A 3D lung phantom, meticulously created using CST Microwave Studio software, served as a realistic testing environment. reflection coefficient ($S_{11}$) and specific absorption rate (SAR) analysis were employed to identify tumors. Simulations revealed variations in $S_{11}$ between healthy and tumor-laden phantoms. Notably, the presence of a 16 mm tumor caused a shift in the maximum return loss, demonstrating the potential for tumor detection based on this parameter.