On the Controllability of Artificial Intelligence: An Analysis of Limitations

The invention of artificial general intelligence is predicted to cause a shift in the trajectory of human civilization. In order to reap the benefits and avoid the pitfalls of such a powerful technology it is important to be able to control it. However, the possibility of controlling artificial general intelligence and its more advanced version, superintelligence, has not been formally established. In this paper, we present arguments as well as supporting evidence from multiple domains indicating that advanced AI cannot be fully controlled. The consequences of uncontrollability of AI are discussed with respect to the future of humanity and research on AI, and AI safety and security.