Navigating the Smart Grid Landscape: A Comprehensive Review of Recent Advances

In a world of today, where traditional power systems are being modernized to cater to the evolving needs of the population, the concept of smart grids has become inevitable. This paper provides an in-depth analysis of recent advances in smart grid technologies, focusing on the integration of renewable energy, decentralized control systems, and cybersecurity challenges. Key innovations include microgrids, virtual power plants, and energy storage systems, which collectively enhance grid efficiency and sustainability. The review highlights the role of artificial intelligence and machine learning in optimizing energy distribution, load forecasting, and demand-side management. Additionally, challenges such as bidirectional power flows, cybersecurity threats, and the scalability of digital twins are discussed. Implications for future research emphasize the need for robust regulatory frameworks, scalable energy storage solutions, and advanced cybersecurity measures to support the ongoing evolution of smart grids.