Efficient Energy Dispatching for User-Load Smart Nano-Grids

User-Load Smart Nano-Grids (UL-SNGs) are localized and small-scale energy networks designed to efficiently manage generation, storage, and consumption at a local level. The UL-SN G integrates photovoltaic (PV) devices, energy storage (ES) units, and flexible load demand with advanced control and communication techniques. Therefore, this paper proposes an optimal energy dispatching system framework where multiple UL-SNGs are interconnected to actively participate in the demand response (DR) within the large and small timescale energy scheduling. First, an optimal energy dispatching control DR strategy is proposed as a large-timescale energy scheduling, specifically an incentive mechanism for UL-SNGs to participate in DR. Then, to improve real-time PV utilization and ensure the operational stability of ES energy among UL-SNGs, a Lyapunov-based real-time energy optimization (LREO) algorithm is designed as a small-timescale energy scheduling. Finally, a MATLAB simulation model is developed using accurate UL-SNG profiles to evaluate the effectiveness of the optimized energy dispatching control strategy. The numerical results improve the optimization of the energy dispatching and real-time PV utilization, ensuring the stabilized ES queue operation among the UL-SNGs DR.