Optimal Scheduling of Wind Power Generators for Isolated Offshore Field Microgrids Considering Unified Frequency Response and Spinning Reserve

The high share of intermittent wind power jeopardizes system frequency security in isolated offshore field microgrids (IOFM). Existing scheduling strategies, mainly focusing on stable energy supply and demand, fail to ensure frequency security due to the limited flexible and dispatchable resources in the IOFM. Thus, this paper proposes an optimal scheduling model with unified frequency response and spinning reserve constraints to assist operators in efficiently managing turbine generators. First, frequency security indices are introduced to quantify the impact of both sudden wind power shortages and continuous wind power fluctuations on frequency dynamics under different control modes. Based on these indices, unified frequency response and spinning reserve constraints are analytically derived to support the optimization of the control mode and on/off status of turbine generators. These highly nonlinear unified constraints are then reformulated as mixed-integer linear constraints, which are integrated into the scheduling model with operational costs as the objective. The proposed model is tested using a modified real-world IOFM. The results demonstrate that the proposed model not only ensures system frequency security but also reduces operating costs and carbon emissions.