6DMA Enhanced Wireless Network with Flexible Antenna Position and Rotation: Opportunities and Challenges

6DMA (six-dimensional movable antenna) is a new and revolutionizing technology that fully exploits the wireless channel spatial variation at the transmitter/receiver by flexibly adjusting the three-dimensional (3D) positions and 3D rotations of distributed antennas/antenna surfaces (sub-arrays). In this article, we provide an overview of 6DMA technology for unveiling its great potential in wireless networks, including its motivation, as well as competitive advantages over existing technologies, system/channel modeling, and practical implementation. In particular, we present a variety of 6DMA-enabled performance enhancements in terms of array gain, spatial multiplexing, interference suppression, and geometric gain. Furthermore, we illustrate the main applications of 6DMA in wireless communication and sensing, and elaborate on their design challenges as well as promising solutions. Finally, numerical results are provided to demonstrate the significant capacity improvement of 6DMA-aided communication in wireless network.