Review on Advancements in Coal Mine Safety and Comprehensive Overview of IoT-based Monitoring Systems

Ensuring the safety of miners is a critical priority due to the inherently hazardous conditions in underground mining environments. This research presents a Zigbee-based wireless data acquisition system designed to enhance real-time monitoring of essential environmental parameters such as air quality, temperature, humidity, and toxic gases. Moving beyond conventional methods, the system incorporates an adaptive sensor deployment strategy tailored to the complex and dynamic underground landscape, greatly enhancing data reliability and network resilience. Advanced RSSI modeling techniques were applied to validate packet delivery and optimize network performance under changing environmental conditions. Field trials demonstrated that this system achieves exceptional accuracy and efficiency in detecting hazardous conditions, providing a proactive approach to hazard mitigation. The findings highlight the system’s ability to transform safety protocols and operational practices in mining with a scalable, robust, and innovative wireless monitoring solution.