Evolutionary Paths to Systematically Unlocking the Frequency-Selective Potential of 3D Meta-Atoms

This paper highlights the benefits of advanced multi-material 3D printing technology in enhancing the electromagnetic performance of metasurfaces. By systematically evolving geometric structures, the proposed bandpass filtering meta-atom outperforms existing designs in key metrics, including bandwidth, out-of-band suppression, in-band insertion loss, and transition band steepness, underscoring the significant potential of 3D unit cells. Through the integration of qualitative approach and semi-analytical design algorithm, the geometric topology is fully optimized without imposing substantial computational demands.