Optimising integration of renewable energy sources to achieve net zero

This research paper develops a novel data-driven method to optimise the connection and integration of renewable energy resources (RES) in the United Kingdom (UK), aiming to address the ambitious target to achieve net-zero greenhouse gas emissions in the UK by 2050, according to 2019 legislation. This commitment has led to a major transition from using fossil fuels to high penetration of RES. A future transition to clean energy is achievable through a combination of RES, their optimal location, and the reform of existing market arrangements. Firstly, the paper aims to establish locations with optimal weather conditions for deploying photovoltaic (PV) and wind power generation using the k-means clustering technique. The datasets used for this research were collected from available weather data stations located across the UK. The power generation of PV installations heavily depends on solar irradiance, whereas onshore wind generators require stable and strong wind conditions. However, the choice of location is crucial for the connection of such RES. The strategic placement of these energy sources can play a major role in relieving congestion and enhancing grid efficiency. The research as presented in this paper suggests locations with favourable weather conditions for the integration of RES. Secondly, the paper uses a 36-zone reduced model of the Great Britain transmission system to conduct direct current power flow studies across the network to determine areas with network constraints. The findings of this study have implications for policymakers and investors as they provide the necessary signals for the optimal integration of RES to achieve net-zero.