Control Design and EMT Simulation Toward the Restoration of Faulted Wind-Dominant Grids

Present power engineers have been challenged to employ electromagnetic transient (EMT) simulations to study the restoration of wind-dominant grids. This paper addresses this hurdle by developing strategies to: (i) reliably control the dc-link voltage of grid-forming wind turbines with dc-coupled batteries, (ii) tune controllers to stably interconnect wind power plants into a grid under recovery, and (iii) autonomously make restoration decisions if transmission faults occur during restoration. These contributions are assessed via EMT simulations of winddominant versions of the WSCC 9-bus grid and a 22-bus power system. This paper is significant to address recommendations by the North American Electric Reliability Corporation.