Measurement System to Determine the Seebeck Coefficient and Electrical Conductivity of Thin Films

Thermoelectric (TE) materials are promising for energy-generating devices, and their design depends on a fast, precise determination of their Seebeck coefficient and electrical conductivity. Herein, a low-cost setup was developed to determine the Seebeck coefficient and electrical conductivity of thin films, allowing the calculation of the power factor (PF) $(\text {PF}=S^{2}\sigma)$ . The system was validated by measuring the Seebeck coefficient and electrical conductivity of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS), a widely used material in organic electronics and TE generators. The results demonstrate the high resolution of our system, with obtained values of $0.1~\mu \text {V/K}$ for Seebeck coefficient, $0.1~\text {S/cm}$ for electrical conductivity, and $0.1~\mu \text {W/K}^{2}$ for PF. A detailed description of the fabrication of the measurement setup is provided, with the aim of making thermoelectricity accessible to any research laboratory, even in places with limited budgets.