Architecture and Operational Control for Resilient Microgrids—A University Case Study

The growing frequency of natural disasters has led to an increase in occurrences in which critical infrastructure and small urban centres are damaged and isolated from the main utility grid. Microgrids, with their ability to operate independently of the utility grid, offer a practical solution to mitigate the damage caused by extreme weather events. Microgrid resiliency refers to the capability of a microgrid to minimize the effects of disruptive events and ensure a stable power supply under adverse conditions. This is particularly crucial for critical infrastructures such as hospitals, communication systems, data centres, and military bases. This paper aims to propose an algorithm for the management of electric microgrids, emphasizing resiliency in critical and disaster situations. The algorithm uses the available energy resources, demand response and load shedding to prolong the duration of critical energy supply and introduces flexibility to the microgrid by being able to adjust operation modes. Additionally, a novel resiliency index is introduced to assess the performance of a microgrid under various scenarios and conditions. As a result, the resiliency of critical loads and the duration of autonomous operation are significantly improved. The proposed solution was validated through an experimental microgrid implemented as a pilot project at the University of Coimbra.