Scrutinization of sustainable intelligence in 5G and Future Network

Energy consumption in communication networks has become a critical concern due to its environmental and economic impact. In response, researchers have proposed various methodologies, some of which have been adopted by the Standards Development Organizations (SDOs) to pave the way for sustainable future networks. The scope of this paper is to delves into advanced energy efficiency metrics, building upon frameworks established by the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) and further refined by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP). It also proposes a tailored approaches to address the multifaceted requirements of modern network functionalities. Subsequently, it provides gap analysis of current energy saving and efficiency strategies and seeks to scrutinize the recent development for sustainable networks from 3GPP and ETSI. Lastly emphasis is placed on the transition towards 6G networks, with a focus on re-evaluating and customizing existing energy-saving approaches. The study presents ten critical parameter to be included in energy efficiency evaluation, ten loopholes/gaps in the current standards with suggestions and nine critical research questions to guide future efforts in re-designing energy-efficient networks .