Hybrid Deep Learning Methods for Enhancing Parkinson's Disease Early Detection

Parkinson's Disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that significantly impacts motor function. Early detection is critical for effective intervention, yet traditional diagnostic methods often face limitations in accuracy and timeliness. This paper proposes a hybrid deep learning model combining EfficientNet, BiLSTM, and GANs to improve PD detection accuracy using medical images and sequential data. EfficientNet is employed for extracting features from MRI scans, while BiLSTM is used to analyze temporal data, such as gait and speech patterns, to capture the progressive changes associated with PD. Additionally, GANs are utilized to augment the dataset, addressing the challenges of data scarcity and imbalance. The fusion of spatial and temporal features enables a more comprehensive understanding of PD, improving diagnostic performance. Bayesian optimization is applied for hyperparameter tuning, and K-fold cross-validation ensures robust model evaluation. The results demonstrate that the hybrid model outperforms single-modal approaches in both classification and regression tasks, offering enhanced accuracy in detecting PD and predicting disease severity. Furthermore, interpretability techniques like Grad-CAM and attention mechanisms are incorporated to provide insights into the model's decision-making process. This work presents a promising approach for automating PD diagnosis and lays the groundwork for further research in multi-modal deep learning for disease detection.