Study of Heat Treatment on the Mechanical Properties of Low-Carbon Steel Material: A Review

This project examines the impact of hot and cold working on low-carbon steel. Low-carbon steel is widely used in industries due to its favourable strength and flexibility. The study investigates how heat and unconscious working processes affect— the material's mechanical characteristics and microscopic arrangement. The review cut across the effect of hot working behaviour on low-carbon steel material and the development of cold working on low-carbon steel material. This review also studied the different heat treatment techniques, such as the study of heat treatment on low-carbon steel material via annealing and normalising methods. Also, the study reviewed the heat treatment on low-carbon steel material via hardening and austempering practices. Hot working involves high-temperature deformation techniques such as rolling, forging, or extrusion, while cold working employs room-temperature processes like rolling, drawing, or bending. The hardness test results on high-carbon steel revealed that hot rolling has a more complex value than cold rolling. This could be due to the rolling parameters being varied during the hot and cold working processes, such as bending, rolling, and squeezing. Hot working improves formability, toughness, and flexibility, while cold working increases strength and hardness but decreases ductility and toughness.