Review of Cyber-Physical Systems Modeling With UML, SysML, and MARTE

In an era marked by the swift progress of technology, Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) conquer one of the top places, standing out through the ability to integrate physical components and processes with software capabilities to improve efficiency and adeptness across diverse domains. This paper investigates the use of three standard modeling languages: Unified Modeling Language (UML), Systems Modeling Language (SysML), and Modeling and Analysis of Real-Time and Embedded Systems (MARTE) in the context of the design and development of CPS. The goal is to analyze how they address various stakeholders’ concerns, to what extent they cover viewpoints essential for CPS, what development phases they may support through a collection of specific model kinds, and what are the application domains that make use of these languages. This review offers a perspective on UML, SysML, and MARTE’s overlapping and differentiative aspects, leading to the underlying reasons for choosing multiple languages in the development of a CPS.