A Compact PCB Antenna for 433 MHz Band: Design, Simulation, and Experimental Validation

This paper presents the design, simulation, and experimental validation of a compact PCB antenna optimized for the 433 MHz frequency band, with dimensions of approximately $0.066 \lambda \times 0.032 \lambda \times$ $0.0023 \lambda \mathrm{~mm}^{3}$. The antenna uses meandered traces and a shorting pin to achieve a compact form factor while maintaining effective performance. Simulations were conducted using CST Microwave Studio, and the antenna’s S11 parameter was measured in a laboratory environment. The antenna demonstrates a peak gain of approximately -21 dBi at 433 MHz, making it suitable for short-range wireless communication applications, such as remote controls, wireless sensors, and IoT devices.