Study on a Data Collection Platform for Greenhouse Gas Emission Factors in Smart Farms for Low-Carbon Agriculture

The agricultural sector must analyze greenhouse gas emission factors and devise reduction strategies to achieve carbon neutrality. This study proposes a data collection platform to monitor and analyze greenhouse gas emissions, nutrient solution management, and energy consumption in smart farm environments. The primary greenhouse gas, CO2, arises from activities like heating, cooling, lighting, ventilation, and crop respiration. Improper disposal of nutrient solutions can further harm soil carbon storage and the environment. Using IoT-based sensors, the platform collects data on environmental conditions, energy consumption, and nutrient solution usage. The data is managed on a cloud platform and analyzed with AI and ML algorithms to predict emissions, assess energy patterns, and evaluate nutrient solution impacts, providing optimal management strategies. By analyzing variables like temperature, humidity, CO2 concentration, and energy use, this study aims to improve energy efficiency, reduce emissions, and address environmental impacts. The platform lays a foundation for sustainable smart farm operations and carbon-neutral agriculture, with future research focusing on crop-specific solutions and broader applications.