SMore: Enhancing GPU Utilization in Deep Learning Clusters by Serverless-Based Co-Location Scheduling

Deep learning (DL) clusters allow machine learning practitioners to submit their computation-intensive tasks, with GPUs accelerating their execution process. However, GPUs in current deep learning clusters are often under-utilized, which hampers the job performance and overall cluster throughput. It is urgent to improve GPU utilization, but existing works lack research on fine-grained allocation for GPU resources, as it typically allocates GPUs as indivisible units. Serverless computing reveals an opportunity to optimize utilization with fine-grained resource allocation methods, but it requires addressing three main challenges: co-location performance degradation, service level objectives guarantee of serverless functions, and cold start overhead. We propose SMore, a framework based on serverless computing to optimize GPU resource utilization of DL clusters. SMore dynamically predicts the possible co-location performance degradation and leverages a degradation-aware scheduling algorithm to ensure that the co-location decisions do not impact workload performance. It also dynamically preloads or offloads DL models by predicting the request numbers of the subsequent period to address the cold start issue. Through actual trace testing on the prototype of SMore, we find that the average GPU utilization can be increased by 34% with degradation being controlled effectively.