A Comparative Review: Floating Photovoltaic, Agrivoltaics, and Ground-Mounted PV Systems

Climate change is mostly caused by the production of electricity, which makes environmentally friendly energy solutions like floating solar photovoltaic (PV) systems necessary. The efficiency, cost-effectiveness, and environmental impact of ground-mounted, floating, and agrivoltaic PV systems are all thoroughly assessed and contrasted in this study. The benefits of installing PV systems on bodies of water, which can maximize land usage and improve energy output, are a major area of focus. The study also explores agrivoltaics, a potential strategy that tackles the problem of land use disputes by fusing solar power generation with agricultural practices. Performance comparisons, a thorough economic and environmental assessment, and a full analysis of agrivoltaic trials are all included in this paper. Additionally, it looks at how PV systems deteriorate and how to identify failures, offering preventative and remedial measures based on international research. The paper provides recommendations for improving the design, deployment, and long-term sustainability of PV plants, especially those that incorporate agrivoltaic systems, with an emphasis on current performance data and degradation trends. The findings aim to lead the future development of more efficient and environmentally friendly solar energy technologies.