Novel 1-Bit Hybrid Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface with Mitigated Quantization Lobe

This paper proposes a novel 1-bit hybrid reconfigurable intelligent surface (HRIS) designed to sense the incident signal's angle of arrival (AoA) and redirect it toward desired directions. This device consists of independently tunable resonant patch elements loaded with PIN diodes. To introduce sensing capabilities to this geometry, a portion of the signal incident on each element is coupled to a parallel plate waveguide through small rectangular slots. Two coaxial connectors then measure the signal coupled from all elements to the parallel plate waveguide. We use compressive sensing techniques to analyze this signal and detect AoA. Further, pre-coded phase randomization is implemented by varying slot sizes to suppress undesired quantization lobes. The proposed HRIS is simple, low cost, can operate without feedback loops, and may find application in intelligent wireless communication, power transfer, and sensing systems.