Fast-Front Transient Performance of Battery Packs Using Single-Cells Batteries in Various Configurations

This study investigates the transient response of battery packs comprising single-cell lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4) batteries arranged in various configurations under fast-front impulse currents. As a case study, the voltage across the battery pack terminals and the current through them were measured for impulse currents ranging from 0.1 to 5.1 kA. The findings highlight the transient behavior of battery packs, focusing on key aspects such as transient peak voltage, impulse current, and charge distribution among individual cells composing battery packs under fast-front transients. The analysis demonstrates the significant impact of the transient impedance of both the connecting leads and the single-cell batteries, often negligible during low-frequency operation, which can lead to imbalances in charge transferred among the cells, ranging from 1.1 to 7.6 times. This research highlights the challenges in manufacturing techniques and surge performance, focusing on the complexity of battery pack behavior under fast-front transients. It signifies that equal-length leads alone cannot achieve perfect current sharing, necessitating further investigation to enhance the reliability and resilience of modern energy storage systems. Advancing these technologies is essential for ensuring safety and mitigating degradation under extreme conditions, such as lightning strikes and electromagnetic pulses.