How does the Cyber Security Regulation for Processes and Products go hand in hand for Europe?

In this paper, the ongoing cyber security regulatory initiatives of the European Union are discussed. Based on the implications of a risk-based approach a significant input factor in determining the need for cyber security requirements and the level of implementation for customers, plant operators, system integrators, and manufacturers. In the course of discussing the EU Cyber Resilience Act on Product Security and the NIS2 Directive, the paper highlights the role of standards as a linking element and thus how regulations go hand in hand to strengthen the resilience of the European Economic Area. An outlook for further innovation practices is given to discuss the intended use and intended operating environment for systems and its components.