Millimeter-Sized 0.1pM LoD Wireless 16-Channel Organic-Electrochemical-Transistor-Based Electrochemical Sensing SoC

Inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-alpha and IL-6, play a crucial role as biomarkers in the management of chronic diseases like autoimmune disorders, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer [1]. Since long-term monitoring of these cytokines is essential for an effective disease management, miniaturized electrochemical sensor implant systems offer a less invasive option for monitoring of substance concentrations within the human body [2] [3]. However, it remains a challenge to develop an electrochemical implant system that offers high sensitivity, a wide dynamic range (DR), and a certain level of spatial resolution for detecting inflammatory factors. Existed electrochemical sensing solutions rely on three-electrode (3E) systems or lon-Sensitive Field-Effect Transistors (ISFETs) [4]–[7]. The surface contact between the solution and the electrode limits the current sensitivity. In addition, it also hampers the scalability of the implant system size and the number of channels that can be accommodated [8], [9]. $\text{In}$ recent years, organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) have emerged as a promising solution [10]–[12]. However, the high sensitivity of OECTs requires relatively high static current, realizing a much higher power consumption of the sensor interface IC than that of 3E/ISFET.