Enhancing Train Transportation in Sri Lanka: A Smart IOT Based Multi-Subsystem Approach Using MQTT

This research proposes a system as a solution for the challenges faced by Sri Lanka's historic railway system, such as scheduling delays, overcrowding, manual ticketing, and management inefficiencies. It proposes a multi-subsystem approach, incorporating GPS tracking, RFID-based e-ticketing, seat reservation, and vision-based people counting. The GPS-based real-time train tracking system performs accurately within 24 meters, with the MQTT protocol showing twice the speed of the HTTP-based system. All subsystems use the MQTT protocol to enhance efficiency, reliability, and passenger experience. The study's data and methodology demonstrate the effectiveness of these innovations in improving scheduling, passenger flow, and overall system performance, offering promising solutions for modernizing Sri Lanka's railway infrastructure.