Electric Propulsion System Analysis Using Performance Maps

This article presents a detailed methodology for the analysis and optimization of electric propulsion systems, using a comprehensive set of performance maps. By expressing critical performance metrics such as flight speed and climb rate, in addition to the component efficiencies as contour plots, this approach offers visual insights into the interactions of each component within the combined system. The methodology identified rotational speed and torque as the two common independent variables for computing efficiency maps for each component enabling unified approach for numerical solvers and visual validation of the solution within the multiple contour plots. A comparative analyses of different efficiency models are presented, complemented by experimental measurements to validate the proposed approach. The practical utility of this methodology is demonstrated through two specific use cases. In the first scenario, the optimal propeller is identified to achieve the maximum range for a given aircraft in a level flight. In the second scenario, a strategy involving repeated powered climbs and power-off glides is evaluated to determine its potential in further extending the flight range. In particular, the study shows that employing periodic flight strategies can enhance range as much as 40% compared to conventional approaches. The described methodology provides a robust framework applicable to the optimization of aircraft system, offering guidance for component selection and system integration, and mission strategies.