Dynamic Modeling and Control for an Offshore Semisubmersible Floating Wind Turbine

Floating wind turbines (FWTs) hold significant potential for the exploitation of offshore renewable energy resources. Nevertheless, prior to the construction of FWTs, it is imperative to tackle several critical challenges, especially the issue of performance degradation under combined wind and wave loads. This study initiates with the development of a simplified nonlinear dynamical model for a semi-submersible FWT. In particular, both the rotor dynamics and the finite rotations of the platform are considered in presented modeling approach, thereby effectively capturing the complex interplay between the platform, tower, nacelle, and rotor under combined wind and wave loads. Subsequently, based on the developed FWT model, a novel adaptive nonlinear pitch controller is formulated with the goal of striking a trade-off between regulating power generation and reducing platform motion. Notably, the proposed control strategy adopts a continuous control approach, strategically beneficial in circumventing the chattering phenomenon commonly associated with sliding mode control. Furthermore, the controller integrates an online approximator and a robust integral of the sign of the tracking error, facilitating real-time learning of system unknown dynamics while compensating for bounded disturbances. Finally, both the accuracy of the established nonlinear FWT model in predicting key dynamics and the superiority of the presented pitch controller are validated through comprehensive comparative studies. Note to Practitioners—This paper addresses the conflicting goals between power regulation and load mitigation for floating wind turbines (FWTs) to ensure the reliable operation of wind turbine systems. This remains an ongoing challenge due to the inherent complexity of existing FWT models, frequently resulting in controllers crafted using linearized representations that fail to accommodate real-world uncertainties effectively. Through the utilization of a simplified physical-based nonlinear FWT model, a novel adaptive nonlinear pitch controller emerges as a promising solution. Notably, the developed nonlinear FWT model elucidates the coupling between rotor and platform degrees of freedom clearly and succinctly, facilitating the design of intelligent controllers. Our approach demonstrates the capability to concurrently regulate power production and stabilize the platform. Additionally, an online approximator is integrated into the controller to capture system dynamics, thus augmenting adaptability and diminishing reliance on high-gain feedback compensation. Importantly, this control strategy holds promise for extension and implementation in various other renewable energy systems.