Blockchain and Cloud-Based Secure Healthcare: Attribute-Based Proxy Re-Encryption with Multi-Factor Authentication for Data Integrity and Access Control

Background: Blockchain and cloud computing have the potential to alter healthcare systems by increasing data security, privacy, and accessibility, particularly in the area of high-risk patient information management. Providing safe access without allowing appropriate people through remains difficult. Combining multiple-factor authorization (MFA) with cryptographic approaches like attribute-based proxy re- Encryption (ABPRE) improves data security by preventing unwanted access and safeguarding it from snoopers. Methods: ABPRE and Fast Template recovery, which leverage blockchain technology and cloud computing, provide secure healthcare data access. Blockchain's immutable transparency assures security, while ABPRE role-based encryption enables authorized clerks to re-encrypt data anonymously. Simulations in healthcare settings measured performance indicators such as data access, encryption time, and authentication success. Objectives: This article focuses on safeguarding patient privacy and confidentiality in medical systems. This clarity enhances the understanding of their combined impact. The cloud offers scalability and accessibility, blockchain guarantees data integrity and secure sharing, and multi-factor authentication and attribute-based proxy re-encryption provide strong security and fine-grained access control, transforming e-Health systems. It highlights leveraging ABPRE for safe access control in e-Health projects, combining Blockchain with cloud computing to protect healthcare data, and using MFA to improve data integrity, all while ensuring that current techniques allow for flexible design without changing queries. Results: The suggested system demonstrated significant advancement in user authentication (94%), access control (93%), and data integrity (91%). MFA successfully lowered the danger of unwanted access, while ABPRE improved secure role-based data sharing by proving resilience, scalability, and compliance with healthcare laws. Conclusion: The combination of blockchain, ABPRE, and MFA creates a comprehensive solution for healthcare data protection that ensures user identification, access management, and regulatory compliance. Future work should improve scalability, use sophisticated anomaly detection, and expand into telehealth and Health.