Improved tuning of fractional-order PID controller for an AVR system using geometric mean optimizer

This paper presents an effective tuning strategy for the Fractional Order Proportional-Integral-Derivative (FOPID) controller that improves the dynamic performance of an automatic voltage regulator (AVR) in power systems. The proposed controller fine-tunes essential design parameters, including proportional, integral, and derivative gains, as well as the integral and derivative orders, using the recently reported Geometric Mean Optimizer (GMO) algorithm. We demonstrate that an integral absolute error (IAE) cost function improves the regulation performance by using time domain analysis. We also conduct robustness studies on the proposed system. Comparative analyses with existing works demonstrate that the proposed FOPID controller achieves competitive performance with the reported techniques.