Geospatial Technology and IoT Based Soil and Water Consevation - A Critical Review

The health of ecosystems and the availability of food are seriously threatened by soil deterioration. Conventional conservation techniques frequently depend on human monitoring, which causes resource allocation to be inefficient and delays interventions. The potential of sensor technology to maximize soil conservation efforts is investigated in this work. To track temperature, pH, nutrient levels, and soil moisture in real time, a network of wireless sensors was installed. To find patterns, spot abnormalities, and forecast the likelihood of soil erosion, data analytics and machine learning algorithms were used. Global water security is also threatened by water scarcity and wasteful use. Estimated measures are frequently used in traditional conservation procedures, which wastes resources. A sensor-based system for real-time water management and monitoring is presented in this paper. A wireless sensor network monitors the Leak detection, pH, turbidity, conductivity, pressure, and water flow rates Advanced algorithms for machine learning and data analytics are Recognize patterns and irregularities, estimate water use, Find leaks and unauthorized use, Improve the distribution of water. This sensor-based strategy makes possible, Monitoring and decision-making in real-time, data-driven conservation tactics, Enhanced effectiveness of resources, Cost-effective and scalable implementation.