A LoRaWAN-Based Smart Monitoring System for Animal and Traffic Safety on Highways

This paper proposes a Long Range Wireless Area Network (LoRaWAN)-based system to enhance road safety by preventing animal-vehicle collisions on highways, a critical issue in Saudi Arabia where camels frequently cross roads, endan-gering animals and humans. The system employs infrared (IR) cameras along highways to detect animals near the road and vehicles on the road. Captured images are wirelessly transmitted to a regional station via LoRaWAN. Based on data analysis, a three indicator alarm system (red, yellow, green) alerts drivers: red indicates animal presence, yellow indicates road congestion, and green signals normal conditions. The system achieved 99.8 % accuracy in detecting both camels and vehicles, effectively reducing collision risks. LoRaWAN enables efficient data transmission across long distances with minimal infrastructure, making this solution particularly suited for remote areas.