A Novel Biometric-Based Multi-Factor Authentication Protocol for EV Charging Infrastructures

In the realm of modern transportation, Electric Vehicles (EVs) have emerged as a promising solution to address environmental concerns and reduce dependence on fossil fuels. However, the integration of advanced technologies and connectivity features in EVs makes their charging networks vulnerable to various cyber threats and vulnerabilities, potentially compromising their functionality, reliability, and security. In response to these challenges, our research proposes a novel security solution that leverages human biometrics, specifically fingerprint recognition, to safeguard against cyberattacks such as identity theft, man-in-the-middle attacks, and unauthorized access to EV charging stations. We conduct a brute force attack against the proposed Biometric Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA) method and the conventional authentication mechanism to demonstrate the reliability of our proposed mechanism. By combining biometric verification with existing authentication methods, our approach aims to strengthen the security of EV charging networks. To evaluate its effectiveness, we conduct a comparative analysis of our proposed method against current authentication techniques, based on certain criteria, such as success rate, time to breach, and power consumption. The conventional method showed a success rate of 35 %, with the initial breach occurring in just 5 seconds, underscoring a significant vulnerability. In contrast, the proposed biometric-based MFA method proved to be resistant to brute-force attacks. Our findings demonstrate the feasibility and robustness of our biometric-based solution, offering a promising enhancement to the security framework of EV charging infrastructures.