Concrete Strength and Cost Effectiveness of M25 Mix by Partial Replacement of Coarse Aggregate with Recycled PCC Waste

Concrete is a fundamental building material with coarse aggregates such as gravel constituting 60-75% of its volume. However, the rising demand of natural aggregates poses serious environmental and economic challenges. Sustainable initiatives and substitute materials are required that can reduce the use of natural aggregates. This study evaluates the performance of M-25 concrete mixes by partially replacing conventional coarse aggregates with recycled PCC (Plain Cement Concrete) waste. The research systematically analyses the compressive strength and cost-effectiveness of these innovative mixes. The findings reveal that compared to conventional M-25 concrete mixtures, substituting 50% of coarse aggregates with PCC waste substantially retains its compressive strength while ensuring environmental sustainability and cost effectiveness. The study contributes to the current body of knowledge on concrete technology and ha practical implications for architects and construction industry.