Design of Automatic Battery Charging using Automatic Transfer Switches in Hybrid Photovoltaic and Electric Grid Systems

Proper utilization of renewable energy can reduce the cost of electricity by using solar energy as an energy source. Indonesia is a tropical country with an average daily radiation intensity of $4.8 \mathrm{kWh} / \mathrm{m}^{2}$. To reduce the dependence on energy sources from national grid, Hybrid Photovoltaic (PV) with Electric Grid Systems were created. The hybrid system employs the Automatic Transfer Switch (ATS) method which is programed using Arduino Uno. The relay acts as an automatic control switch, ensuring that the system can efficiently switch between resources according to the energy needs of a given load. The system is designed to be equipped with battery monitoring, which will be displayed on an LCD based on the battery’s State of Charge (SoC). This study aimed to determine the performance of hybrid PV and electric grid systems. The Automatic Transfer Switch (ATS) system can transfer loads from PV to electric grid systems when the battery reaches 11.5 V, with a capacity of around 20%.